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Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 145-159 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0304-z

Abstract: system (WSS) was found to be the optimal means of producing renewable electricity in terms of life cycle costas well as levelised cost of producing energy at $0.15/(kW·h).This is competitive with grid electricity, which is presently at a cost of approximately $0.09/(kW·h)and 410% better than the conventional DSS at a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.62/kWh.

Keywords： photovoltaic (PV) power     wind power     solar-wind hybrid     cost per kilowatt-hour     clean energy    

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200 km Per Hour一The Best Choice for Beijing - Shanghai Express Railway

Li Yushan

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 12,   Pages 7-12

Abstract: distance the passenger train which “starts at sunset and arrives at daybreak” has the optimal costThe paper maintains that the electrified fast-speed wheel/rail system with a speed of 200 km per hourIn the time with increasing energy crisis, the maglev train with speed of 400 km per hour and the high-speedrail system with speed of 300 km per hour will lead to the unbearable wastes of socio-economic resources

Keywords： Beijing - Shanghai express railway     optimal choice     maglev     high-speed rail system     fast-speed rail system    

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Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 10, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1571-2

Abstract:

● Adsorption of PFASs on MPs and its mechanisms are critically reviewed.

Keywords： Microplastics     Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances     Adsorption     Transport     Transformation    

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Effects of modafinil on vestibular function during 24 hour sleep deprivation

ZHAN Hao, XIE Sujiang, JIA Hongbo, WEI Sihuang, JING Baisheng

Frontiers of Medicine 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 226-229 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0044-0

Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of modafinil, a new wake-promoting agent, on vestibular function during 24 h sleep deprivation (SD) so as to provide experimental evidence for the rational use of this drug among air crew. Eight young, healthy male volunteers were exposed to two 24 h periods of continuous wakefulness during the crossover experiment. Initially, 200 mg dose of modafinil was given, and one week later, a matching placebo was administered. The SD time started from 08:00 of the first day to 08:00 of the second day. Drugs were given at 0:00 on the second day. Vestibular function was tested at 21:00 on the first day and 1, 3, 5, 7 h after drug administration. The accuracy of saccade tracking and gains in visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex (VVOR) and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in the placebo group decreased during 24 h SD, especially at 01:00 05:00 on the second day, while OKN gains in the modafinil group increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the other vestibular functional indices between the modafinil group and placebo group. The 24 h SD can influence vestibular function to a certain degree, but modafinil may improve OKN.

Keywords： VVOR     modafinil     Vestibular function     vestibular functional     Initially    

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Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology: An investigation of its potential and future directions

Algan TEZEL, Eleni PAPADONIKOLAKI, Ibrahim YITMEN, Per HILLETOFTH

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2020, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 547-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0110-8

Abstract: Blockchain, a peer-to-peer, controlled, distributed database structure, has the potential to profoundly affect current business transactions in the construction industry through smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and reliable asset tracking. The construction industry is often criticized for being slow in embracing emerging technologies and not effectively diffusing them through its supply chains. Often, the extensive fragmentation, traditional procurement structures, destructive competition, lack of collaboration and transparency, low-profit margins, and human resources are shown as the main culprits for this. As blockchain technology makes its presence felt strongly in many other industries like finance and banking, this study investigates the preparation of construction supply chains for blockchain technology through an explorative analysis. Empirical data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 subject experts. Alongside presenting a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT), the study exhibits the requirements for and steps toward a construction supply structure facilitated by blockchain technology.

Keywords： blockchain     smart contract     supply chain management     project management     construction    

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Polyhedral linkages obtained as assemblies of planar link groups

GÖkhan KİPER, Eres SÖYLEMEZ

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 1,   Pages 3-9 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0363-6

Abstract:

The study aims to devise means of obtaining polyhedral linkages for homothetic deployment of polyhedral shapes by embedding planar link groups in faces of the polyhedral shape of interest. The questions of which polyhedral shapes may be suitable for such a purpose and what are the compatibility conditions for spatially assembling planar link groups are addressed. Homohedral and tangential polyhedral shapes are found to be suitable for the task and some examples of linkages are worked out.

Keywords： polyhedral linkages     homothety     homohedra     tangential polyhedra    

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Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1603-6

Abstract:

● Terminal carboxylate group activation is PFOA degradation’s rate-limiting step.

Keywords： Heterogeneous photocatalysis     Surface frustrated Lewis pairs     Perfluorooctanoic acid     Defluorination efficiency     Environmental remediation    

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Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 17-26 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0369-3

Abstract: This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavementpreservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservationtraffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency costThe benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency costtiming calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost

Keywords： pavement preservation     life-cycle cost analysis     agency cost     vehicle operation cost    

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Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

Xiaohui Chi, Yeling Chen, Mingfeng Liao, Fei Cao, Yuke Tian, Xueren Wang

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

Abstract:

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

Keywords： general anesthesia     economics     cost    

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Modeling of shear walls using finite shear connector elements based on continuum plasticity

Ulf Arne GIRHAMMAR, Per Johan GUSTAFSSON, Bo KÄLLSNER

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 143-157 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0377-3

Abstract: Light-frame timber buildings are often stabilized against lateral loads by using diaphragm action of roofs, floors and walls. The mechanical behavior of the sheathing-to-framing joints has a significant impact on the structural performance of shear walls. Most sheathing-to-framing joints show nonlinear load-displacement characteristics with plastic behavior. This paper is focused on the finite element modeling of shear walls. The purpose is to present a new shear connector element based on the theory of continuum plasticity. The incremental load-displacement relationship is derived based on the elastic-plastic stiffness tensor including the elastic stiffness tensor, the plastic modulus, a function representing the yield criterion and a hardening rule, and function representing the plastic potential. The plastic properties are determined from experimental results obtained from testing actual connections. Load-displacement curves for shear walls are calculated using the shear connector model and they are compared with experimental and other computational results. Also, the ultimate horizontal load-carrying capacity is compared to results obtained by an analytical plastic design method. Good agreements are found.

Keywords： shear walls     wall diaphragms     finite element modelling     plastic shear connector     analytical modelling     experimental comparison    

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

Frontiers in Energy 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

Abstract: storage technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, but its carbon footprint and costNext, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquidWhen coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquidtransportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment costsignificantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

Keywords： coal-to-liquid     carbon capture     utilization and storage (CCUS)     carbon footprint     levelized cost of liquid    

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Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 357-368 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018022

Abstract: thinking gives a unique opportunity to seek a balance between FPSO technical performance(s), with whole-costfit-for-use design specification options’ that address technical-motion(s), with respective life-cycle costperiods-of-time by diagnosing the problem-at-hand; namely, assessing the antecedents of life-cycle costbeen performed to generate FPSO motion in six degrees of freedom using SESAM DeepC, while life-cycle costLCCA data has been generated to compare the cost of such different mooring options/hull conditions over

Keywords： FPSO     LCCA     spread/turret-mooring     DeepC     cost     motion     soft-systems    

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Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2023, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0253-5

Abstract: Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

Keywords： columnar jointed basalt     low-heat cement concrete     temperature controlled crack prevention     million-kilowatt    

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Advanced Oxidation Process for DNAN Using UV/H2O2 Article

Hailei Su, Christos Christodoulatos, Benjamin Smolinski, Per Arienti, Greg O´Connor, Xiaoguang

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 5,   Pages 849-854 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.003

Abstract:

2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an important component of insensitive munitions that is anticipated to replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in munitions formulations. Photocatalyzed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation experiments and chemical analyses were conducted to study the effect of initial pH and H2O2 dosage on the kinetics of DNAN decomposition and the reaction pathways. The results show that DNAN degradation followed zero-order kinetics when a 250 ppm DNAN solution was treated with ultraviolet (UV) light and 1500–4500 ppm H2O2 in an initial pH range of 4–7. However, when the H2O2 concentration was 750 ppm, DNAN degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results indicate that DNAN can easily be oxidized by UV/H2O2 treatment. When the H2O2 dosage was 1500 ppm and the initial pH was 7, DNAN was reduced from 250 ppm to less than 1 ppm in 3 h. However, the total organic carbon (TOC) and total carbon (TC) concentrations were reduced slowly from 100 to less than 70 ppm carbon (C) in 3 h, and decreased to about 5 ppm after 9 h of treatment, suggesting the formation of other organic compounds. Those reaction intermediates were oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) at a slower rate than the oxidation of DNAN. CO2 was emitted from the solution because the solution pH decreased rapidly to about 3 during the UV/H2O2 oxidation. Most of the nitrogen in DNAN was converted to nitrate by UV/H2O2 oxidation after 9 h of treatment. The research results indicate that UV/H2O2 oxidation is a promising technique for the treatment of DNAN in wastewater.

Keywords： 2     4-dinitroanisole     Advanced oxidation processes     Wastewater treatment     Photocatalysis    

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Study on steel output per unit GDP and steel production， energy consumption， materials consumption &

Lu Zhongwu,Yue Qiang,Gao Chengkang

Strategic Study of CAE 2013, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 23-29

Abstract:

Steel output per unit GDP is an important index for controlling steelThis paper first gave the definition of steel output per unit GDP, introduced the concept and calculatingquot;in-use steel", Then two times of transformation for the definition formula of steel output perwastes emission of steel industry were analyzed by using the new definition formulas of steel output per

Keywords： steel output per unit GDP     steel output     in-use steel     GDP generation per unit in-use steel     energy consumption    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

Journal Article

200 km Per Hour一The Best Choice for Beijing - Shanghai Express Railway

Li Yushan

Journal Article

Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic

Journal Article

Effects of modafinil on vestibular function during 24 hour sleep deprivation

ZHAN Hao, XIE Sujiang, JIA Hongbo, WEI Sihuang, JING Baisheng

Journal Article

Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology: An investigation of its potential and future directions

Algan TEZEL, Eleni PAPADONIKOLAKI, Ibrahim YITMEN, Per HILLETOFTH

Journal Article

Polyhedral linkages obtained as assemblies of planar link groups

GÖkhan KİPER, Eres SÖYLEMEZ

Journal Article

Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic

Journal Article

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

Journal Article

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

Xiaohui Chi, Yeling Chen, Mingfeng Liao, Fei Cao, Yuke Tian, Xueren Wang

Journal Article

Modeling of shear walls using finite shear connector elements based on continuum plasticity

Ulf Arne GIRHAMMAR, Per Johan GUSTAFSSON, Bo KÄLLSNER

Journal Article

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

Journal Article

Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

Journal Article

Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

Journal Article

Advanced Oxidation Process for DNAN Using UV/H2O2

Hailei Su, Christos Christodoulatos, Benjamin Smolinski, Per Arienti, Greg O´Connor, Xiaoguang

Journal Article

Study on steel output per unit GDP and steel production， energy consumption， materials consumption &

Lu Zhongwu,Yue Qiang,Gao Chengkang

Journal Article